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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Smashing Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Great Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential entrada. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let'southward Brand America Cracking Again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Bill Clinton likewise used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used it again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton'southward unsuccessful 2008 presidential main campaign. Douglas Schoen has chosen Trump's use of the phrase "probably the most resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the state was in reject.[ii] [three]

The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the The states, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded linguistic communication.[4] [five] [half-dozen] [7] The slogan was likewise at the heart of two events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett detest crime hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [nine] [10] [11]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was first used past Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the third session of the 76th United States Congress in apprehension of the 1940 U.s.a. presidential election: "What is the way? Here is America. At that place are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, upper-case letter, and direction; who can give the human being of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which will beget vision. That volition make America groovy over again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was establish in some advertisement associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[13]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let'south make America great once again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan'southward 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the Us was suffering from a worsening economy at dwelling house marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economic distress equally a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[xiv] [15] [16] [17] Within his credence voice communication at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without chore opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, especially in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned promise, we'll restore hope and nosotros'll welcome them into a dandy national cause to brand America bang-up once more."[18] [nineteen]

Bill Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[twenty] past Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton likewise used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary campaign.[22]

During the 2016 balloter campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a entrada rallying weep, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economic system you lot had 50 years ago, and... move you lot back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'due south volume almost her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a US Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin'south Printing on Baronial xvi, 2011, equally Troublemaker: Let's Do What It Takes to Make America Dandy Again.[24]

Use past Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Great Over again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In Dec 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, nosotros must brand America great once more."[25] Also in Dec 2011, he published a book using equally a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #1 Over again" – which in a 2015 reissue was inverse to "Make America Groovy Once again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Great Again" by stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On January 1, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretarial assistant of State's office to create the "Brand America Groovy Again Party", which would accept allowed Trump to be that political party's nominee if he had decided to go a third-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November vii, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his reelection against Mitt Romney. By his ain account, Trump commencement considered "We Volition Brand America Peachy", merely did not feel like information technology had the right "ring" to it. "Make America Great" was his next slogan idea, but upon farther reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never peachy. After selecting "Make America Groovy Over again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump after said he was unaware of Reagan's use in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On November 12 he signed an awarding with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered as a service mark on July 14, 2015, afterwards Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the awarding.[29] [28] [thirty] Trump used the slogan in public as early as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Banner displaying "Vote To Make America Great Over again" on a roadside in California before long after the Nov 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Continue America Cracking" hat in December 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump ofttimes used the slogan, specially past wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which presently became popular among his supporters.[32] The slogan was and then important to the campaign that at 1 bespeak it spent more than on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or boob tube commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real chapeau ten to one. "...but it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys 1, that's an advertisement."[28]

Following Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection entrada would be "Go on America Nifty" and he sought to trademark information technology.[28] [34] However, Trump'south 2020 campaign connected to use the "Brand America Great Again" slogan.[35] Trump'due south vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America nifty again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention oral communication, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "again-once more" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In tardily 2021, this phrase became the proper noun of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[38]

A 2020 executive social club, titled "Promoting Beautiful Federal Borough Architecture," was nicknamed "Make Federal Buildings Beautiful Again" by proponents and the press.[39] [xl] [41]

Less than a week afterward Trump left function, he spoke to advisors about mayhap establishing a 3rd political party, which he suggested might exist named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Great Again Party". In his get-go few days out of role, he likewise supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In late January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to foreclose Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[42] [43]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My use of social media is non Presidential – it's MODERN DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Once again!" on July i, 2017.[44]

In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[45] In an commodity for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post's retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[45]

Trump attributed his victory (in role) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[46] Co-ordinate to RiteTag,[47] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and iii,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[47]

Donald Trump set up his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the announcement (June xvi, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Party nomination (May three, 2016) and afterward winning the presidency.[48]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, information technology is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Vox of America journalist, among others,[5] [half-dozen] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't just entreatment to people who hear it as racist coded language, merely also to those who accept felt a loss of status equally other groups take become more empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America First did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[49]

Writing stance for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Great Again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Merely if you wear i, information technology's a pretty adept indication that you share, admire or capeesh President Trump's racist views almost Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[vi] The Detroit Costless Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this label and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[l] [51] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabulous", writing: "Information technology was vague plenty to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving enough of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that nosotros were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[52] Polling has shown that about x percent of black voters identified equally Trump supporters,[53] [ non-main source needed ] while most 30 percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[54] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and former Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in Jan 2018 that he believes the recent global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be little doubtfulness well-nigh US President Donald Trump's views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'fake news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a promise to 'Make America Great Again; America Start and Only' and—nod, nod, wink, flash—to Make America White Once again."[55]

Use by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Just Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Again [56] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a volume nigh her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let'southward Do What It Takes To Make America Great Once again.[57]

Later Donald Trump popularized the employ of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of information technology were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's master opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Smashing Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to send cease-and-desist letters to them.[28] Cruz later on sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016, argue.[58] The phrase has as well been parodied in political statements, such equally "Brand America Mexico Once more", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico edge.[59] [lx]

During remarks at the White Firm on May 4, 2022, President Biden referred to former President Trump's "Make America Great Again" move, saying, "This MAGA crowd is really the well-nigh extreme political system that's existed in American history, in recent American history."[61]

Utilise by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that slap-up" during a September 2018 bill signing.[62] [63] Former United states Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did you think America was great?"[64] [65] During John McCain's memorial service on September 1, 2018, his girl Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to be made not bad again because America was always cracking."[66] Trump subsequently tweeted "MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" later that day.[67]

Use past hate groups [edit]

A 2018 written report using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[68]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of French republic, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The concluding sentence of the voice communication delivered by him was "make our planet great over again."[69]

During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in October 2018, quondam opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Indonesia great again", though he denied having copied Trump.[70]

During the Swedish European Parliament ballot in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Make European union Lagom Once more".[71] [72]

February 2019 Fridays for Future protestation in Berlin with the line "Make World Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Movement have often used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Once again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[73] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Make the World Greta Again.[74]

The Spanish right party VOX used as slogan "Hacer a España grande otra vez", or "Brand Spain Neat Once more".[75] [76]

In pop civilization [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Brand America Swell Again" catchphrase every bit information technology appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Developed entertainment [edit]

  • Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an thing with President Trump, took function in a "Make America Horny Again" strip club tour. The bout followed Trump'due south initial 2016 entrada trail and role of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[77]

Advertisement [edit]

  • A Douse-a-roos marketing entrada used the slogan "Brand America Dunk Over again".[78]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Slap-up Again was a street art mural by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[79] [lxxx]

One-act [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross'south 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Great Again".[81]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers challenge an association with Developed Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed equally the Earth Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Slap-up Over again" hats.[82] [83] [84]

Way [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Carmine Carpeting e.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[85]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Great Again" to Sergeant Nicholas Affections.[86]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Great Again" fez chapeau in one scene.[87]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Brand America Allurement Again".[88]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Continue America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use as his 2020 entrada slogan); i of the TV spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does so "to keep my country [America] great".[89] The next film in the franchise, The First Purge, was later advertised with a affiche featuring its championship stylized on a MAGA lid.[90]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the flick.[91]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassinator'due south Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Great Over again" during his campaign against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat xi (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombatxi newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld nifty again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Free Once again" in its marketing entrada.[92]
  • In Metallic Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Swell Over again" during his voice communication while battling Raiden.[93]
  • In Hitman 2 (2018 video game), an elusive targed named Vincente Murillo is shown doing a broadcast under the slogan Haz que Colombia body of water grande otra vez .[94]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Male child released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[95]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called M.A.T.A, pregnant Make America Trap Once again.[96]
  • Make America Rock Once again was a rock concert tour.[97]
  • Rap stone supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Colina, called their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Once more Bout", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • UK musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protestation album in 2020 called 'Brand ANGER Great Again'[98]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Once again".[99]
  • Frank Turner released a song called "Brand America Neat Again" on his anthology Be More Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a unmarried "Brand America Great Again" a few months later appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[100]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a chapeau saying Make America Skate over again in Chance the Rapper's video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Brand America Trap Again (2019), with cover fine art inspired by the Barack Obama "Promise" poster.[101]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Great Again.[102]
  • Metallic ring Thy Fine art Is Murder released a song called "Make America Hate Again" on their album Human Target (2019). They also sell a chapeau with the slogan "Make Deathcore Great Once more".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a chapeau saying "Brand Baseball Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Writer Octavia E. Butler used "Brand America Great Again" as the presidential entrada slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[103] Jarret is described as "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled faith and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[104]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Over again",[105] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his prove Last Calendar week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family.[106] [107] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[107]
  • In the Due south Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump's, are seen belongings signs begetting the slogan.[108]
  • In the Star Expedition: Discovery episode "What'southward Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[109] [110] [111] [112]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used past Trump.[ane]

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

pellegrinohented.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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